The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly, is unique in its contents and spirit, yet inspired by various sources like the Government of India Act, 1935, and other global constitutions. It incorporates the best features from these influences, reflecting a readiness to learn from their experiences. Its salient features distinguish it from constitutions worldwide.
| Country | Borrowed Features of the Indian Constitution |
|---|---|
| 1. Australia | – Concurrent list – Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse – Joint-sitting of the two Houses of Parliament |
| 2. Canada | – Federation with a strong Centre – Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre – Appointment of state governors by the Centre – Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court |
| 3. Ireland | – Directive Principles of State Policy – Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha – Method of election of the president |
| 4. Japan | – Procedure established by law |
| 5. Soviet Union (USSR) (now, Russia) | – Fundamental duties – Ideals of justice (social, economic, and political) in the Preamble |
| 6. United Kingdom (UK) | – Parliamentary government – Rule of Law – Legislative procedure – Single Citizenship – Cabinet system – Prerogative writs – Parliamentary privileges – Bicameralism |
| 7. United States (US) | – Fundamental rights – Independence of judiciary – Judicial review – Impeachment of the president – Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges – Post of vice-president |
| 8. Germany (Weimar) | – Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency |
| 9. South Africa | – Procedure for amendment in the Indian Constitution – Election of members of Rajya Sabha |
| 10. France | – Republic – Ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Preamble |